This study aims to examine the effect of applying the learning model (Stim-HOTS and PBL) on students' critical thinking skills, the effect of learning outcomes on students' critical thinking abilities, and the interaction between the model and learning outcomes on students' critical thinking skills. This research is a type of quasi-experimental research (quasi-experiment). The research design used was the posttest-only, nonequivalent control group design using the control class and the experimental class, which were treated by applying the Stim-HOTS learning model. The population in the study was all class VIII students at SMPN 13 Bontoa Maros. The research subjects were selected using a simple random sampling technique, with VIII C as the control class and VIII D as the experimental class. Data collection techniques included tests of critical thinking skills, documentation, and observation of syntax implementation. Data on critical thinking skills are collected by observing student learning outcomes.The data analysis prerequisite test used the normality and homogeneity tests, while the hypothesis test used the two-way Anova test. The results of this study concluded that the Stim-HOTs learning model had an effect on students' critical thinking skills, the learning outcomes had an effect on students' critical thinking skills, and there was no interaction between the learning model and the learning outcomes in influencing students' critical thinking abilities.

Much research on Maudu lompoa has been carried out, but empirical studies with a semiotic approach have not yet been found. Therefore, through this research, researchers offer a new approach to studying symbols in the Maudu lompoa ritual and the cultural values using Roland Barthes’theory and Schwartz’s theory. This research is qualitative descriptive research, in which the research method examines the condition of natural objects. This type of research seeks to explain certain social phenomena. The researcher is the crucial instrument in which the sampling is done purposively. The results of this study found twelve (12) symbols, namely bayao (eggs), kaluku (coconut), Jangang (chicken), pamatara (half cooked rice), bakuk (bakul) or basket, salussung, kandawari, bembengan (house shape) as the four companions of the prophet, julung-julung (boat shape), tepak-tepak (small basket), pakbelo-belo (decoration), and kalli (fence).

This study intends to investigate how participants perceive when they learn to build intercultural awareness, as well as the extent to which intercultural awareness teaching and learning materials can be used effectively to create intercultural competence in students in English teaching classes. The participants were a group of 62 tertiary-level students who were sampled on purpose. A collection of teaching and learning materials designed to develop intercultural awareness adopted and adapted from Intercultural language activities by Corbett (2003) and Building cultural competence by Berardo and Deardorff (2012), as well as other materials that can help introduce intercultural awareness (understanding). This research also includes the use of foreign films as an integral part of intercultural teaching and learning materials to encourage the development of intercultural awareness when it is included in the process of teaching English. Survey questionnaires, reflective writing, and self-assessment forms were used to collect data according to a mixed methods approach and pre-experimental single group pre-test-post-test design. The results show that the participants have a positive attitude towards their intercultural learning experience in various aspects, especially with regard to incorporating films into the learning process, but are still hesitant to incorporate an intercultural component into the English teaching class as a whole.

The aims of this study are 1) to describe the class interactions that occur in learning to speak; 2) describe the implications of class interaction used in learning to speak on students' speaking abilities; 3) analyze the suitability of class interaction with the standard learning process in the independent learning curriculum. Researchers used the Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC) model to analyze class interactions that occur in learning to speak. This study uses a descriptive approach with a qualitative quantitative approach (mixed method). Data was collected through the observation method with note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed interactively with three main stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion and verification. The results of the study prove that (1) speaking teacher (GB) produces an average value of 48.18%, (2) speaking students (SB) produces an average value of 27.53%, (3) silence (K) produces average value of 14.41%, (4) teacher response ratio (RRG) produces an average value of 32.45%, (5) student initiative ratio (RIS) produces an average value of 11.62%, (6) teacher direct response ratio (RRLG) produces an average value of 69.45%, (7) content turnover ratio (RPK) produces an average value of 45.77%, (8) fixed student ratio (RTS) produces an average value of 0%, and (9) the use of language between students and teachers during interactions is 93.56% for the use of Indonesian, consisting of 65.34% teachers and 28.21% students; and the use of Makassar language is 6.44%, consisting of 3.13% teachers and 3.32 students. The process of learning to speak in class XI SMA Negeri 2 Makassar has not met the standards of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum process.

Network-enabled enterprise systems called inter-organizational systems use (IOS) go beyond the walls of an organization, allowing partners in the supply chain to collaborate better by exchanging business information in real time. As a result, the study (Case Study: Sudan Food Industry) examined the Mediating Role of Supply Chain Management Capabilities on the Relationship between Inter-Organizational System Use on Firm Performance, with the purposeful participation of (450) participants, to whom the questionnaire was addressed. The information was then gathered from the supply chain and production management at the Sudanese food processing industry. The data was then coded using SPSS and AMOS 26. After ensuring normality, validity, and reliability, a descriptive analysis was conducted and variable correlation was examined. Path analysis was formerly used to test hypotheses. The findings of the study reveal IOS have a positive and significant impact on SCM capabilities. also, SCM capabilities mediating the relationship between IOS and Performance.

The purpose of this research is to identify MSMEs in Semarang which will be used in determining strategies to increase the productivity of MSMEs in Semarang. This research was conducted in the Semarang area, the population of this study were SMEs in Semarang from various sectors. The sampling technique uses the snowball method which is taken from several sectors.These general aspects indicate several weaknesses that must be corrected, such as the education level of MSME employees, preparation of SOPs, financial performance appraisal and others. These general characteristics will have an impact on MSME development efforts that focus on management practices.

One way of preaching is preaching in the mosque. Sermons are often found in Friday prayers and holidays, namely the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers. As for activities at the mosque that are routinely carried out every week, namely the Friday sermon. preachers in preaching there are utterances that give effect to the congregation to do something called directive speech acts. This research uses a pragmatic approach. This type of research used descriptive qualitative. The data source for this research is the book "Katobba Bicara Ugi" compiled by H. Syarifuddin Husain. There are five materials selected and used as research data. The data of this study are in the form of words, phrases, clauses or sentences that contain directive forms of speech. The purpose of this study focuses on the types of directive speech in Bugis sermons. The theory used to analyze is based on Searle's theory regarding directive illocutionary acts by analyzing the types of directive utterances. The results of the study show that there are five types of directive speech acts, namely directive speech acts of requests, orders, prohibitions, advice and questions. The five types of directive speech acts are given general terms after revealing the specific form of directive speech acts. Types of requests can be in the form of asking, praying, hoping, and inviting. Command type is command. The type of prohibition is prohibition. Types of questions in the form of asking and types of advice in the form of suggesting, advising, convincing, and reminding. The most common types of directive exhortation speech acts are found in Bugis discourses.