-In the context of educational research, the development center has been established to address the challenges posed by the 4.0 era society in the industrial era 5.0. This center is particularly focused on the agricultural community, with a specific emphasis on the provision of side dishes by fishpond farmers in South Sulawesi. The objective is to ensure that the needs of the community are met in a sustainable and effective manner. The Republic of Indonesia has been identified as a consumer society that consumes fish and, in particular, milkfish. The issue that has been identified is a decline in the production of milkfish. The objective of this research is to furnish policymakers with the necessary information and to identify patterns that will facilitate the resolution of the imminent scarcity of milkfish in the coming years. Consequently, a data mining analysis learning technique is required to predict milkfish production and ascertain whether there will be an increase or decrease in production in the future. The objective of this study is to implement a data mining analysis by integrating multiple linear regression methods in the context of milkfish production prediction. The set of variables employed in this study encompasses independent variables, denoted as Xn, comprising feed, fertilizer, and seeds. It is imperative to note that the dependent variable, denoted by Yn, is production. The data presented herein has been obtained through a combination of field observations, library research, and interviews. The research methodology employed in this study involves a systematic data mining analysis of multiple linear regression algorithms. The results indicated that the prediction of milkfish production in 2022 was 5175 tons. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value was determined to be 1.05%. This finding indicates that the prediction value is highly accurate, as evidenced by the coefficient of multiple determination, which is 95.94%. This suggests that the demand for milkfish as a side dish in the coming years is met, underscoring its role as a crucial source of nutrition for the community.

-This study has as its main purpose to establish the degree of intelligence of a home taking into account several properties established according to existing studies at the level of published articles with weights depending on their importance at the overall level. The model starts from 6 established categories, these having subcategories that apply to both rural and urban homes. It is desired that after applying the model, traditional homes will be clearly delimited from semi-smart and smart ones.

-Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are critical tools for evaluating the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of development projects. While EIAs are widely recognized for their importance in promoting sustainable development, their effectiveness in developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, remains a subject of concern. This study assesses the effectiveness of EIAs in developing countries, with a focus on Nigeria, by analyzing the legal and institutional frameworks, the challenges faced in the implementation of EIAs, and the role of public participation in the process. Using a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, the research identifies key obstacles to the successful application of EIAs, including weak legal frameworks, insufficient institutional capacity, lack of political will, and limited public engagement. The findings reveal that while EIAs are legally required, their implementation is often hindered by inadequate enforcement, corruption, and a lack of political commitment. Public participation, a critical element of the EIA process, is often minimal, reducing the transparency and legitimacy of the process. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that strengthening legal frameworks, improving institutional capacity, enhancing political accountability, and increasing public participation are essential steps toward improving the effectiveness of EIAs. The study concludes with recommendations for reform, which include improving governance structures, enhancing public awareness, and investing in the capacity building of EIA practitioners. The insights provided aim to guide policy reforms and contribute to the broader goal of sustainable development in developing countries.

-Gas flaring remains a persistent environmental and economic challenge in Nigeria, particularly in oil-producing regions such as the Niger Delta. Despite being endowed with abundant natural gas resources, the country continues to burn significant volumes of associated gas, leading to environmental degradation, economic loss, and inefficiencies in energy management. This study investigates the impact of recent gas flaring regulations—implemented between 2021 and 2025—on Nigeria’s energy sector performance and broader economic implications. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of gas flaring volumes, GDP contributions, power generation data, and foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics with qualitative insights drawn from stakeholder interviews and policy reviews. Key regulatory instruments assessed include the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), the Nigeria Gas Flaring Commercialisation Programme (NGFCP), and the proposed Anti-Gas Flaring Prohibition and Enforcement Bill. Statistical analysis revealed that gas flaring volumes declined by approximately 25% between 2021 and 2024, with a corresponding increase in gas utilization for electricity generation and modest improvements in oil and gas GDP contributions. However, enforcement inconsistencies, infrastructure deficits, and regulatory corruption were identified as major obstacles to full policy effectiveness. The study concludes that while regulatory frameworks have begun to yield measurable results, the lack of robust enforcement, public accountability, and gas monetization infrastructure continues to limit their full potential. Recommendations include enhancing monitoring systems, enforcing stiffer penalties, investing in flare gas capture technologies, and fostering community participation in flare site oversight. This research contributes to the policy discourse on sustainable energy governance in Nigeria and highlights the need for a more integrated approach to environmental and economic planning.

-This study investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with decentralization and local governance in Nigeria, a country characterized by a federal structure but where local governments face significant barriers to autonomy and effectiveness. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collected through surveys and interviews with key stakeholders, including local government officials, civil society representatives, and community leaders. The study identifies key challenges such as political interference, financial dependency on state governments, and lack of skilled personnel as major impediments to effective decentralization. Additionally, it highlights constitutional ambiguities and weak legal frameworks as contributing factors to the limited autonomy of local governments. Despite these challenges, the study reveals several opportunities for enhancing local governance, including legal reforms to guarantee local government autonomy, direct disbursement of federal funds, and improved capacity building. Moreover, the study finds strong support for the role of decentralisation in promoting sustainable development, democratic deepening, and improved service delivery at the local level. Respondents also emphasized the importance of ICT integration and community participation in ensuring efficient governance.

-This study explores the intersection of public sector reforms and the political economy of anti-corruption policies in Nigeria. Despite numerous reform initiatives aimed at promoting transparency, accountability, and efficient service delivery, corruption remains deeply entrenched in the Nigerian public sector. The paper critically examines the design, implementation, and outcomes of key reform programs such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), and the Treasury Single Account (TSA), highlighting the role of political interests, institutional weaknesses, and elite capture. By situating these reforms within the broader context of Nigeria’s political economy, the study reveals how systemic patronage networks and rent-seeking behaviors undermine genuine anti-corruption efforts. The paper concludes by suggesting that for reforms to be effective, they must be accompanied by strong political will, institutional independence, deliberate structural imposition, and active civic engagement. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on governance reform in developing countries, particularly in contexts where corruption is both a symptom and a mechanism of political control.

-Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a pivotal strategy in addressing the complex challenges of urban development, particularly in the face of limited public funding and increasing demands for infrastructure and services. This paper critically evaluates the role of PPPs in fostering sustainable urban growth, focusing on their ability to leverage private sector efficiency, innovation, and investment to deliver public goods. Drawing on case studies from diverse urban contexts, the analysis explores how PPPs have been used in sectors such as transportation, housing, and urban regeneration. The study also examines the risks and limitations associated with these partnerships, including issues of transparency, accountability, and social equity. Ultimately, the paper argues that while PPPs offer significant potential to enhance urban development, their success depends on strong regulatory frameworks, balanced risk-sharing, and inclusive planning processes that prioritize long-term public interest.

-The global shift towards remote work, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has necessitated a significant transformation in how organizations function—including religious institutions. This study explores digital leadership in the age of remote work in church management, with a particular focus on Nigerian churches. The research investigates the strategies, tools, and leadership competencies adopted by church leaders to sustain effective ministry, administrative functions, and congregational engagement in a digitally driven environment. Using a mixed-method approach comprising surveys and interviews with church leaders across various denominations in Nigeria, the study examines the key components of digital leadership such as the use of social media, virtual worship services, online donation platforms, and cloud-based management systems. Findings indicate that a large percentage of Nigerian churches have transitioned to digital platforms for worship and administration, driven by the need to maintain continuity in spiritual services amidst restrictions on physical gatherings. However, this shift also presents several challenges including poor internet connectivity, limited digital literacy among clergy and congregants, and financial constraints hindering access to advanced digital infrastructure. The research reveals that while digital leadership presents significant benefits—such as global reach, convenience, and engagement with younger members—it also raises concerns regarding the loss of personal interaction, exclusion of non-digital congregants, and technical difficulties. The study concludes that equipping church leaders with the right digital skills through structured training programs, peer learning, and collaboration with IT professionals is essential for long-term digital transformation in the church sector. The study contributes to the growing discourse on church innovation by highlighting the importance of proactive digital leadership in sustaining ministry relevance in the remote work era. It recommends a hybrid model of church operation that balances in-person and virtual engagement, ensuring inclusivity and effective church management in a rapidly changing technological landscape.

-The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods sector plays a pivotal role in the global and Indian economy, offering essential commodities with high turnover and daily relevance. This literature review explores the evolution of the FMCG sector, highlighting its historical development, economic significance, and transformation through liberalization, technological advancements, and changing consumer behaviors. The paper systematically examines key components such as consumer behavior, marketing strategies, digital adoption, rural-urban penetration, logistics, and government policy impacts. It also addresses contemporary challenges like sustainability, competition, and regulatory compliance, while identifying emerging opportunities in digitalization, health-conscious consumption, and rural market expansion. Case studies of leading FMCG companies including Hindustan Unilever, ITC, and Nestlé illustrate practical applications of innovation, branding, and strategic adaptation. The study concludes that despite ongoing challenges, the FMCG sector remains resilient, driven by continuous innovation, evolving market trends, and strong consumer demand. This review serves as a foundation for future research and strategic planning within the FMCG industry.

-This study investigates the effectiveness of short-form videos in influencing the purchasing decisions of Gen Z and Millennials in Pasig City, addressing a significant gap in academic research regarding small businesses' strategies for utilizing this medium. The participants included 208 respondents, comprising 104 Gen Z and 104 Millennials, who were surveyed using a descriptive-correlation quantitative research design. The findings reveal that informative content, price discounts, influencer endorsements, and bandwagon perception significantly impact purchasing decisions, with satisfaction being the most notable emotional response elicited by short-form videos. The study concludes that short-form videos are a powerful tool for engaging younger consumers and driving sales. It is recommended that businesses focus on creating high-quality, informative, and entertaining short-form video content, particularly on platforms like TikTok, to effectively reach and resonate with their target audience.

-Le roman féminin est la voie qui permet à toute écrivaine de s’échapper d’une réalité injuste, voir même abjecte. Il est aussi la voix de toutes les femmes dont le but ultime est de contribuer à la transformation et la réinvention d’une société où elle est « maître » de son destin, libre de choisir et de renoncer à ce que bon lui semble, et où elle est l’égale de l’homme, tout simplement. C’est à travers l’écriture que la femme s’offre une porte de sortie pour esthétiser, à travers ses cris viscéraux et ses dénonciations crues, une réalité schizophrène, afin de conjurer le sort d’être prise au piège et d’être au bord du désespoir

-Patient experience is a key measure of healthcare quality, impacting hospital efficiency, retention, and trust. Public hospitals in the Philippines face overcrowding, limited resources, and financial challenges that affect patient experiences. Studies often focus on private healthcare, leaving limited insight into public outpatient departments, particularly regarding how demographic factors influence satisfaction. This study aimed to determine whether significant differences exist in the experiences of outpatient clients in public medical hospitals based on demographic factors. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through surveys from 399 outpatient clients, and statistical tests identified significant predictors of patient satisfaction. The findings revealed significant differences based on quality of care perceptions, including service availed, economic status, and visit frequency. Views on facilities differ according to economic status and visit frequency. Staff attitude and waiting time perceptions also vary based on visit frequency, while cost perceptions differ by service utilization and visit frequency. These findings recommend improving service quality through staff training, upgrading facilities, streamlining appointment systems, and providing financial aid to address disparities and enhance patient experiences.

-The objective of this research is to find out whether there is any significant difference of using Collaborative-Cooperative Learning (CCL) with Quantum Teaching Model to improve reading comprehension between high and low motivated students. This study uses a quantitative research type that aims to test the hypothesis of the data that has been collected in accordance with previous theories and concepts. The sample of this study was students of class VII A of SMP Negeri 3 Welahan Jepara which became the experimental class with 32 students and Class VII D as the control class with 32 students. The analysis of this research includes analysis of normality test, homogeneity test, hypothesis test including t-test and Effectiveness Test: Effect Size Calculators (Cohen's d). Based on the research results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The reading comprehension ability of the students taught using the CCL with Quantum Teaching Model: students in the experimental group in the pre-test averaged 64.38 included in the Good category, namely in the interval 61–80 and after the Implementation of the Learning Model using the CCL with Quantum Teaching Model in the post-test averaged 84.38 included in the Good category, namely in the interval 61–80. Based on the t-test, the result of t count 13.504 > t table 2.0395 with a positive direction proves that the reading comprehension ability score of the experimental group is significantly different before and after learning with CCL with Quantum Teaching Model, (2) The reading comprehension ability of the students taught using CCL without quantum teaching model of control group students in the pre-test averaged 65.00 and in the post-test averaged 74.88. There was an increase in score of 9.88. Based on the t-test, the result of t count 9.296 > t table 2.0395 with a positive direction proves that the reading comprehension ability score of the control group is significantly different before and after learning without CCL without Quantum Teaching Model, (3) There is significant different of the reading comprehension ability between the students taught using is using CCL with Quantum Teaching Model and those taught using CCLwithout quantum teaching model: (1) Based on the t-test, the calculated t result is 58.360 > t table 1.999 with a positive direction proving that the experimental group's reading comprehension ability score is significantly different from the control group; (2) The Cohen d test result is 2.955 and the effect-size r is 0.828, which is considered a relatively large effect size. (0.8 + is a large effect). Based on these calculations, it can be concluded that learning activities using CCL with Quantum Teaching Model on the reading comprehension ability of students at SMP Negeri 3 Welahan Jepara have a relatively large effectiveness in improving the reading comprehension ability.

-The research makes an original contribution by integrating a detailed bibliometric analysis of existing literature on digital transformation. This approach allows the identification of research trends, knowledge gaps and emerging areas in studies on the impact of digitization on the labour market. Using advanced bibliometric methods, the report not only maps the academic landscape, but also highlights the connections between different dimensions of digital transformation, such as human capital, connectivity and digital technologies, providing a solid theoretical framework for further analysis.

-Objectives of the study are as follow: (1) To explain if there is any significant differences between pre test and post test of demonstration methods, (2) To explain if there is any significant differences between pre test and post test of AIR (Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition) learning model, (3) To explain if there is any significant differences between post test using demonstration Method and AIR learning model, (4) To describe the challenges do students face when using the demonstration methods and the AIR (Auditory, Intellectually and Repetition) learning model in writing procedure texts. The method used in this study is the mixed methods method. This study is a research step by combining two forms of research that have existed previously, namely qualitative research and quantitative research. Subject of the research in this thesis was a number of subjects or students of the total member of the students of the nineth graders of MTs Muhammadiyah Nalumsari Jepara in the academic year 2024/2025. The researcher took 2 classes (9A and 9B) that contain 36 students each class. The analysis of this research by Qualitative Analysis and Statistical Procedure Analysis with analysis of normality test, homogeneity test, hypothesis test including t-test and Effectiveness Test: N-Gain. Based on the research results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) There is any significant differences between pre test and post test of demonstration methods. Based on the paired t-test, the calculated t result is 10.265 > t table 2.0301 with a positive direction, (2) There is any significant differences between pre test and post test of AIR learning model. Based on the paired t-test, the calculated t result is 4.752 > t table 2.0301 with a positive direction, (3) There is any significant differences between post test using demonstration Method and AIR learning model. Based on the independent t-test, the calculated t result is 6.605 > t table 1.9960 with a positive direction proving that ability of writing procedure texts post-test score of demonstration methods and AIR (Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition) learning model is significantly different, (4) Student challenges when using the demonstration methods and the AIR (Auditory, intellectually and Repetition) learning model in writing procedure text.

-The rapid growth of app-based ride-hailing services like Ola and Uber has significantly altered urban transportation in India. This study, titled “Consumer Perception and Preference for Ola and Uber: A Comparative Study,” explores the key factors influencing user behavior with a focus on service quality, pricing strategies, and safety measures. Primary data was collected through a structured online questionnaire from 200 respondents across diverse age groups and occupational backgrounds. The research employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression models to examine the relationships between variables. The first objective, analyzing the impact of service quality on consumer preference, revealed an insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.089, p > 0.05), suggesting that service quality alone does not significantly affect user preference for a specific platform. Conversely, pricing strategies emerged as a strong determinant of customer satisfaction, with a robust R² value of 0.72, highlighting the critical role of affordability, fare transparency, and promotional offers in shaping user perception. Regarding safety, although the statistical relationship between safety measures and consumer trust was weak (r = -0.064, p > 0.05), qualitative insights underscored safety as a key emotional driver—especially among female and late-night users. Trust was influenced more by visible safety features like SOS buttons, GPS tracking, and driver verification than by statistical associations. The study concludes that consumer preference in ride-hailing is multi-dimensional, shaped more by pricing consistency and perceived safety than by service quality alone. It recommends that both Ola and Uber prioritize transparent pricing models and proactive communication of safety protocols to strengthen customer trust and brand loyalty.

-This study aims to examine the effect of earning management and sustainability report assurance on the cost of equity, with asymmetry information as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach, this research analyzes secondary data from energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that published financial and sustainability reports between 2021 and 2023. The study employs multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses using the Eviews application. The results show that earning management significantly increases the cost of equity, while sustainability report assurance does not have a significant effect on the cost of equity. Additionally, the results indicate that earning management and sustainability report assurance each have an effect on information asymmetry. Furthermore, information asymmetry is proven to mediate the relationship between both independent variables and the cost of equity. These findings support the signaling theory, which emphasizes that quality disclosures and credible assurance can reduce information asymmetry, uncertainty, and perceived risk by investors, thereby lowering capital costs.

-The study fills a gap in empirical research on how organizations alter their evolutionary path by untangling the self-reinforcing learning effects and unlearn their Truth: the assumptions and beliefs concerning their collective reality that are held so deeply that these may only manifest in behaviors. While extant research examins the status quo as an inertial construct, this study conceptualizes the status quo as an inherently inertial and productive party to change. The enqiry applies an action perspective and examines the microprocesses of agents in their routine interactions with the status quo. These questions are answered: What kind of microprocesses do organization members engage in to visualize the aspects of Truth that no longer support growth? Through what kind of processes does the status quo allow change and integrate segments of alternate realities in its knowledge? The findings substantiate that 1) cataclysmic external shocks are not enough to induce updates to Truth; 2) leadership and organizational members’ visibility into alternate pools of knowledge does not lead to the recognition of these as viable choices of thought and action; 3) integration of alternative knowledge into Truth is possible when these conditions are aligned: agents are supported with institutionalized organizational resources in solving the emotional – cognitive impasse and, in escalating the issue for decision-making and execution; the external pressure is high and, agents’ intense emotions are triggered. A vertical business group of Japan’s shipping industry provides the case, which supplies insights to all organizations undergoing radical changes.

-Legal protection of intellectual property rights in Indonesia is crucial for promoting domestic innovation and creativity. However, recent Supreme Court rulings have complicated the definition of "interested party" within the framework of Indonesian Industrial Design Law, particularly concerning the validity of letters of authorization in legal disputes. This paper focuses on Decision Number 122 K/PDT.SUS-HKI/2023, which highlights a dispute between CV Rajawali Diesel and Tommy Admadiredja regarding the authenticity and implications of authorization letters in cancellation lawsuits concerning industrial designs. The research adopts a normative juridical method combined with qualitative analysis to assess the legal standing of CV Rajawali Diesel as the plaintiff and to explore the broader implications of the Supreme Court's interpretation of "interested party". Findings suggest that allowing authorization letters to serve as valid proof of interest could expand the definition of "interested party," potentially enabling parties without direct rights to make claims. This shift may lead to increased legal uncertainties and could burden the judicial system with frivolous claims. The study concludes with several recommendations aimed at clarifying the definition of "interested party" to enhance legal certainty in cancellation lawsuits. Developing clear guidelines for authorization letters and raising awareness of proper authorization practices among stakeholders are essential steps to mitigate misuse. By addressing these issues, this research seeks to strengthen the protection of industrial design rights in Indonesia, fostering a more equitable and effective environment for creators and innovators.

-This article explores the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Namibia, highlighting their impact on community development and social welfare. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Namibia play a crucial role in community development, particularly in rural areas. Given the country’s historical background of colonialism and socio-economic challenges, NGOs have emerged as pivotal actors in addressing various issues such as poverty alleviation, education, health care, and environmental conservation. This study employs a qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews with key stakeholders from selected NGOs across Namibia. The findings indicate that while NGOs play a crucial role in development, challenges such as funding instability and regulatory constraints persist. Recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of NGOs in Namibia are provided, emphasizing the need for improved collaboration between NGOs, government institutions, and local communities. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Namibia play a pivotal role in promoting democracy, human rights, and sustainable development. However, their effectiveness is increasingly challenged by factors such as over-reliance on donor funding, limited local engagement, and capacity constraints. This article examines the current landscape of NGOs in Namibia, focusing on their operational challenges and proposing strategies for enhancing their sustainability and impact.

-This research explores the challenges and opportunities associated with urbanization in Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. Through interviews with 40 participants representing various backgrounds, the study aims to gain insights into the multifaceted aspects of urbanization. The findings reveal a diverse range of perspectives among participants, highlighting the challenges such as increased competition, overcrowded classrooms, and limited resources. However, the study also identifies opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and improved access to services. The insights gained from the participants provide valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders involved in urban development in Chinhoyi Town, promoting sustainable urbanization practices and ensuring the well-being and prosperity of the community. The study recommended the need for Chinhoyi Town to invest in infrastructure development, including transportation, housing, water supply, sanitation, education, and healthcare facilities in order to support the growing urban population; adopt comprehensive and sustainable urban planning strategies that balance economic, social, and environmental development; implement policies and programs that address social disparities, including income inequality and unequal access to basic services; encourage innovation and entrepreneurship in urban areas to drive economic growth and job creation and establish a system to monitor and evaluate urbanization trends and impacts as well as adjusting policies and strategies accordingly.

-This study examines the admissibility and implications of electronic evidence in legal proceedings across various jurisdictions, including Namibia, South Africa, Canada, and the United States of America. The increasing reliance on digital technology has led to a significant rise in electronic evidence, which poses both opportunities and challenges for the legal system. This research explores the legal frameworks governing electronic evidence, its admissibility, and the impact on fair trial rights. A comparative analysis of the Electronic Transactions Act in Namibia, the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act in South Africa, and relevant laws in Canada and the USA reveals varying approaches to electronic evidence. The study highlights the importance of ensuring the authenticity and integrity of electronic evidence, as well as the need for legal frameworks to adapt to technological advancements. The findings suggest that while electronic evidence can enhance the fairness and efficiency of trials, it also raises concerns regarding data preservation, costs, and the potential for tampering or alteration. The study concludes that a balanced approach is necessary to harness the benefits of electronic evidence while protecting the rights of all parties involved.

-The strategic alignment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with business objectives has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing organizational performance, particularly in increasingly digital and competitive environments. This study provides an empirical assessment of ICT–business strategic alignment in Namibia, focusing on its key determinants, prevailing barriers, and resulting organizational impacts. Drawing on data collected from a cross-section of Namibian enterprises through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with ICT and business executives, the research examines the extent to which alignment exists and identifies the contextual enablers and inhibitors affecting its realization. The findings reveal that while there is a growing recognition among Namibian firms of ICT’s strategic value, misalignment remains prevalent due to factors such as limited executive collaboration, inadequate ICT governance structures, and skills shortages. Conversely, organizations that demonstrate high alignment levels often benefit from stronger leadership commitment, well-defined strategic planning processes, and adaptive organizational cultures. The study concludes that achieving ICT–business strategic alignment is a multifaceted challenge, yet it holds significant potential for improving operational efficiency, innovation capacity, and long-term competitiveness. Recommendations are offered for both practitioners and policymakers to foster more integrated ICT and business strategies within the Namibian context.

-This study investigates the impact of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, firm characteristics, and the proportion of independent commissioners on the financial performance of commercial banking companies in Indonesia during the period 2020–2023. The research employs multiple linear regression using secondary data obtained from company financial reports. The findings reveal that institutional ownership and firm characteristics (size and age) have a significant positive effect on financial performance, while managerial ownership and the proportion of independent commissioners do not have a significant impact. These findings offer important implications for managerial and shareholder decision-making in improving financial performance.

-The present study explores the views and perspectives of both students and educators primarily within West Bengal, India, pertaining to the enigmatic growing technology of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a non-biological intelligence, and its future integration into the landscape of education, via an online survey during April-May 2025. It is found that the pupils, predominantly of university level and a few of middle school level, are enthusiastic about the use of AI in the teaching-learning domain, though they lack certitude about the efficacy of its output or efficiency of its functioning. The teaching practitioners, on the other hand, evince a certain wariness about the human-made non-biological intelligence intruding into the field of education. Majority of them are worried about the students’ erosion of intellectual health and their taking recourse to unethical use of AI tools in their academic activities. More than 50% of teachers hold that pre-AI era pupils were comparatively more creative and thoughtful. In spite of this, more than 55% of the educators surveyed are optimistic of the benefit of both the teachers and the taught as a result of the integration of this ubiquitous technology into education. The researcher suggests that the teachers must overcome the ‘fear of the unknown’ syndrome and familiarize themselves with the AI thoroughly for a smooth integration of the latest technology into the field of education, benefiting the teachers and the pupils alike, thereby enriching the education sector in the long run.

-The research explores the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to stay among Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) employees in Mandaluyong City. It sought to discover what job satisfaction factors play a key role in affecting an employee's decision to stay at their company. A survey questionnaire was answered by agents, supervisors, managers, and executives on a structured survey with a Likert scale for quantitative analysis and interpretation. Job satisfaction components such as promotion, work itself, pay, co-workers, and supervision were used to explore the relationship in relation to intention to stay. The results revealed that job satisfaction variables such as Promotion Satisfaction, Work Itself Satisfaction, and Pay Satisfaction had a very strong relationship with the intention to stay of BPO employees; these factors are the primary reason BPO employees choose to stay at their company. While Co-worker and Supervision both share a strong relationship towards Intention to Stay, they are only secondary factors that relate to employees' desire to stay. Statistical analysis verified that there was a strong positive correlation between job satisfaction and retention. Job satisfaction factors had a significant effect on employees' desire to remain. These results highlight the critical need for business process outsourcing firms to implement retention initiatives emphasizing competitive compensation, career advancement opportunities, and a supportive workplace culture. Enhanced productivity, superior service quality, and greater organizational stability are all facilitated by a workforce that is both satisfied and committed, which is essential for maintaining competitiveness in the BPO industry

-With the rapid development of technology, generative artificial intelligence has become a revolutionary force driving the development of education. Generative artificial intelligence has shown unique advantages in improving the efficiency and quality of humanities education, but mechanically introducing generative AI into humanities education will bring risks such as homogenization of teaching content, loss of educational significance, and distortion of educational evaluation. To address this issue, by reshaping teaching and training objectives, restructuring the student development evaluation system, reshaping the role of teachers in education, and other measures, we can promote the Effectiveness Integration of humanistic education and generative AI achieve a benign interaction and common development between technology and education.