TheWith the advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the world is now accessible with the click of the mouse and hence happenstances around the world can be related within the next possible minute. An average smart phone owner cannot do without visiting a social media platform daily, hence it can be used effectively to target particular voters, encourage people to exercise their franchise and make information go viral. This study seeks to examine the role played by the social media platforms, such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube toward increasing political participation in Nigeria with specific reference to the concluded 2019 general elections. There is no gainsaying that the election management body in Nigeria which is saddled with the responsibility of educating voters on their electoral roles doesn’t have pronounced presence in the social space as at the 2019 general elections. This paper analyses the roles of social media in voters’ sensitization as well as effective information dissemination and voter education. It is descriptive as well as analytical as data were got from secondary sources such as newspapers, magazines, periodicals, journals, etc, while the uses and gratification theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. Based on the foregoing, the paper revealed that; the social media is a vital instrument of information dissemination towards adequate voter sensitization and consequent participation has aided unreliable source of information, fake news as well as the promotion of hate speeches of candidates during campaigns. The paper therefore, recommends an increased presence of the election management bodies on the social media platforms to ensure adequate voter education and sensitization; with the urgent need for improved news censorship so as to checkmate the adverse effects of social media like hate speeches which has the capacity of exacerbating into full blown crises if not properly managed.

Water covers three quarters of the earth surface although only about one percent is available to humans as drinking water. But reliable and sufficient supply of safe water is one of the basic needs of all mankind. This project explores peri urban household’s behavior on willingness to pay for safe drinking water by surveying and analyzing 120 peri urban households in Ijebu North East Local Government Area. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze household socio-economic characteristics. A classical method was employed, contingent valuation method. The binary logit was used to estimate household decision of paying or not paying for safe drinking water. In all, about half of the household have piped water as their major source of drinking water out of the four categories (piped, well, bottled and sachet water). The household’s decision to pay for tap water was tested at 5 percent and years of schooling, gender, average monthly income and marital status were found to be significant. The results also shows that the household decision to pay for sachet water significantly depends on major source of water, household contribution to water project, number of taps and current water services. Meanwhile number of household member below SSCE and household monthly income are strong factors influencing household’s willingness to pay for bottled water. This study recommends boosting educational system through encouraging the masses on the long term effect of been educated via media houses as well as government making education affordable through funds amongst others.

The national health insurance program (JKN) provided by the government can guarantee the health of all Indonesian people in a comprehensive, inexpensive, affordable and quality manner through a referral system that is running well. This study aimed to determine the cost of heart failure treatment in the INA-CBG tariff package for outpatient JKN patients. This study is a quantitative descriptive study whose data were taken retrospectively. The sampling technique used was total sampling by taking secondary data from medical record, which included sociodemographic characteristics, prescribing patterns and drug costs at a hospital in Indonesia in 2021. The results showed the financing for treating heart failure patients in October– December 2021 amounting to Rp13,207,307, following INA CBG's tariff guidelines.

This study investigated the efficiency of credit regulation on profitability of banks in Nigeria. The independent variables applied Non-performing loans (NPLs); Loan and Advances (LA) and Interest (ITR); while Return on Equity (ROE) proxy profitability as the dependent variable. The populations were all the listed commercial banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange, 2014 to 2020; while purposive sampling techniques selected five banks with the applicable data. The analyses employed: Descriptive Statistics; Pearson Correlation and Regression on the collected secondary data. The result found the adjusted R2 value to be R2 (51%), which is jointly explained by the independent variables used; while 49% is explained by other factors outside the scope of this study. Other findings show that NPLs is negative and statistically significant; while LA and ITR are negative and statistically insignificant on the pooled Bank’s ROE. The study contributes, with the overall significant of the applied variables and, with the new modernized model. Recommendations are that banks’ managers should enhance their capacity in credit regulations, loan managements and also adhere strictly to other financial regulations applicable to financial institutions in Nigeria and elsewhere. The findings’ implications are that: care must be taken in generalizing these findings in other institutions; especially those firms that are not categorized among money deposit banks and other firms that do not deal in loaning.

This study aims to explain and analyze the influence of social problems and public services on meeting the needs of the people of Maros Regency through the performance of the Good Government to bridge the gap. The population in this study is the per-KK community of Maros Regency which is located in 14 districts, including Turikale, MarosBaru, Lau, Bontoa, Mandai, Marusu, Tanralili, Muzzleloe, Tompobulu, Bantimurung, Simbang, Cenrana, Camba and Mallawa which amounted to 196,128 people per-KK maros regency. The sample used in this study, namely 300 respondents, using probability sampling techniques or multistage random sampling or determining cluster sampling based on the division of an area / region in a stratified manner. The analytical technique used for hypothesis testing islisreal structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that social problems had a significant effect on the performance of the Good Government, public services had a significant effect on the performance of the Good Government Government. Social problems have a significant effect on meeting the needs of the community, public services have a significant effect on meeting the needs of the community and the performance of the Good Government government has a significant effect on meeting the needs of the people of Maros Regency.

Human resource management is a key element to optimize the quality of care offered by a health institution The primary objective of this study are to determine the quality and quantity of staff of the University Hospital Center of Befelatanana. This is a retrospective, transversal and descriptive study, from August 2018 to July 2019 in the University Hospital Center of Befelatanana. Concerning the results, the number of staff is insufficient according to 65.9% of respondents. 44.4% of administrative staff said that their work does not correspond to their training or qualifications. Equipment, working conditions and remuneration are the most demotivating factors for staff. More than half of the staff (60.2%) received continuous training, but no evaluation was made after each training according to 62.3% of respondents. This study showed that 80.7% do not benefit from any evaluation, either after or outside of training. The majority of services as well as the personal service do not have a competency framework. In brief, the existence of plethora of problems in the personnel management of CHUJRB comes from the absence of GPEECC plan.

The informal privatization of community and cultural land in Central African rural areas is a recent phenomenon that is gaining momentum. Certain cultural values that justify the public nature of community and cultural land for a given group tend to disappear because of the importance of money in a country where more than 80% of the population lives below the poverty line (Central Office of the Census, 2003). The objective of this study is to analyze the privatization of community and cultural land in the village of Gbago, 55 km from Bangui on the road to Damara (national road no. 2). Historical, analytical and descriptive methods were used for this study, through questionnaire surveys in 2020 and 2021. They are based on the new forms of community land governance in rural Central African areas, following the multiple military-political conflicts in the country where landed properties are acquired by force. These surveys show that community and cultural land resources, which are in the public domain of a given community, are beginning to be privatized. The reasons for this privatization are multiple. Socio-economic and political disruptions, the forced displacement of populations following multiple armed conflicts and coups d'etat, have generated a new perception of life and livelihoods in rural areas. Since the 1990s, under pressure from international institutions, the Central African State has severely limited integration into the Civil Service. The number of unemployed graduates has increased significantly to reach today more than 15,000 unemployed graduates. Through the structural adjustment policy, some civil servants were put on early retirement, a phenomenon known as Assisted Voluntary Departure (DVA). Indeed, the village chief is the main actor in the privatization of community and cultural land in the Gbago village, because the state gives him this power. The new arrivals come mainly from Bangui, Damara and 57% of them have paid for their land with the Chief. The sale price of plots is constantly increasing. In the 1960s, a plot of 400 m2 was sold at 200F CFA by the first Chef, Mr. Yabada. This price rose to 1,000F (1.52 euros) in the 1980s, to 5,000F in the 2000s, in 2012 to 30,000F and to 500,000F in 2021, i.e. 763.35 euros. The purpose of this study is to characterize the main actors involved in the privatization of community and cultural land. It makes it possible to study the processes and norms produced by the informal land market outside the official circuit.

This research analyzed Nigeria's Land Border Closure Policy and the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Goods, and Services between 2019 and 2021. Over the years, the Nigerian government has unilaterally closed its land borders with Benin, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon in reaction to economic, security, or diplomatic violations. Increased smuggling operations, occurrences of illegal cross-border crime, security concerns, and cases of undocumented migrants had affected the government’s strategy on industrialization of the country, as well as the continuation of its agricultural program. As a nation governed by laws and a member of international and regional organizations, noncompliance with ECOWAS protocol, transit of commodities, and liberalization of commerce would significantly erode confidence and goodwill in the area. The decision to restrict her borders damaged the recently agreed African continental free trade area (AFCFTA) Agreement by 54 of 55 African nations. This descriptive research relies primarily on secondary sources for data. The analysis demonstrates that severing commercial ties without eliminating the incentives that drive smuggling is detrimental to Pan-African efforts. However, the policy should address the dysfunctional economic policies that have contributed to the situation and stick rigorously to collaborative policies that address regional concerns for intra-regional growth.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of institutional ownership on sustainability reporting and their impact on earnings management. This research is a type of quantitative research using purposive sampling method as a sampling method. The data collected comes from the annual reports of companies in the mining sector and the basic and chemical industry sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019, with data analysis techniques using IBM SPSS V.20 software for windows. The results showed that institutional ownership had no effect on sustainability reporting. Sustainability reporting has a negative effect on earnings management.

The integrated approach in Science curriculum for basic education has brought several challenges to teachers’ instruction. This study examines the challenges encountered by the non-biology major Science teachers in teaching Biology to High School students and their needs in a professional development program. Utilizing a qualitative responsive evaluation approach, the six non-biology major Science teachers were selected and asked in a semi-structured online interview. The questions are open-ended to explore their views and ideas on the challenges they encounter, professional development needs, and perceive achievement in teaching career. The responses are coded and analyzed using QDA-Miner Data Analysis. There are several themes generated for the challenges and professional development needs. The respondents emphasized the need to have an in-depth knowledge on difficult topics in biology; and trainings on how to teach these topics effectively. Based on the findings, the Upgrading Scientific Capability and Learning Enrichment (UpSCaLE) Program model was proposed to address the professional development (PD) needs of the respondents. The result of this study may serve as a basis for designing and developing the PD program for non-biology major Science teachers and a springboard to further study.