The study on the power of reliable support networks in shaping orphans’ lives in Nyamagana district-Mwanza region, Tanzania, aimed to explore how emotional, peer relationship and community and faith-based support systems contribute to the holistic development of orphans. The research focused on identifying the forms of support available and how they shape orphans’ overall development. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the study involved 8 orphans, 4 caregivers, and 3 social workers from four institutionalized care facilities selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using interview guides and analyzed thematically. The study revealed that caregivers, social workers, peers, community members, and faith groups provide essential emotional and social support that fosters resilience and identity among orphans. The study concludes that reliable support networks are vital in promoting the holistic development and future independence of orphans. It recommends that care institutions strengthen community participation and external partnerships to enhance the quality of orphan care and ensure sustainable psychosocial growth.

In today's digital era, companies are increasingly implementing digital marketing strategies to reach a wider market. One strategy is utilizing e-commerce platforms supported by digital marketing and the role of social media influencers. To analyze the influence of digital marketing and social media influences on consumer purchase intentions in e-commerce, by considering the mediating role of customer online reviews through the SOR (Stimulus-Organism-Response) framework approach. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 384 e-commerce user respondents in Batam City and analyzed using SMARTPLS software. Digital marketing significantly influences online customer reviews, and online customer reviews significantly influence purchase intention. However, social media influences did not show a significant influence on online customer reviews. Furthermore, there was a significant mediating effect of online customer reviews on the relationship between digital marketing and purchase intention, but no mediating effect of social media influences was found. Customer online reviews play a vital role as a mediator in connecting digital marketing with consumer purchasing intentions. Integrating the SOR framework to understand the dynamics of the influence of digital marketing strategies on consumer behavior on e-commerce platforms, especially in the local context of Batam City.

This study recons social workers experiences in facilitating reunification process of street connected children at Railway Children Africa in Mwanza, Tanzania. The study employs qualitative phenomenological research design to explore the participation of social work professionals in reuniting street children with their families. The study is grounded in attachment theory, which posits that the bond between children and caregivers is crucial for emotional and psychological development. This theoretical framework highlights the importance of fostering secure attachments to enable effective reintegration, emphasizing the role of social workers in providing the necessary emotional support and stability for street-connected children during the reunification process. Data were collected using in-depth interview from a sample of fourteen participants with long experience in re-integration process. The findings have reveals that social workers play a critical role in reintegration acting as mediators, facilitators, and enablers, skilled in handling traumatized children. They also serve as communication agents and counselors between children and their caregivers in addressing the emotional and systemic challenges that arise before, during and after reunification. The study underscores the necessity to enhance support system and training for social workers to improve the sustainability of reunification efforts. responsibility, and active citizenship, thereby contributing to national resilience.

Background/Purpose: Latin Dance Sports is a high-intensity sport, demanding a combination of physical fitness, flexibility, and complex technique. This study aims to analyze the most prevalent injury patterns, identify biomechanical risk factors, and propose specific prevention and rehabilitation strategies for Latin dancers/athletes. Methods: This article synthesizes findings from epidemiological and biomechanical studies on Latin Dance Sports. The analysis focuses on overuse injuries and acute (traumatic) injuries, particularly in the lower extremities and the spine. Prevention strategies are proposed based on the principles of optimizing specific physical fitness (core strength, balance, and muscular endurance). Results: Injuries to the lower extremities (ankles, feet, knees) and the lumbar spine are the most common. More than 60% of injuries are due to overuse, associated with the high repetition frequency of rotational movements, bouncing (Samba/Jive), and torso dissociation (Cuban Motion). Key risk factors include core-hip strength imbalances and improper floor contact technique. Conclusion: The implementation of a comprehensive supplementary training program, focusing on hip-spinal joint stabilization strength and proprioception training, is the most effective strategy to mitigate injury risk and optimize the recovery process for Latin dancers/athletes.

Fingerpicking technique is an essential yet insufficiently systematized component in guitar accompaniment for popular music. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a new, multi-tiered classification system for fingerpicking patterns, based on rhythmic and harmonic functions. The research methodology combines structural analysis of accompaniment patterns with case studies of iconic songs. Key findings reveal a direct correlation between a pattern's degree of syncopation and its perceived rhythmic energy, as well as the role of arpeggiation in conveying intimacy and introspection. This study not only contributes to the field of performance practice research but also provides a valuable methodological framework for guitar teaching and learning, systematically linking technical structure to expressive effect.

The Social Work program at Universidad de Manila's College of Arts and Sciences aims to develop individuals dedicated to social justice, peace, and integrity, empowering them to intervene in social problems and human systems. The department envisions a community of scholars acting as catalysts for social change. However, student retention rates for licensure examinations are influenced by various factors. This study examines these factors through a descriptive qualitative exploratory research approach. Non-probability convenience sampling was utilized from the Social Work Licensure Examination (SWLE) takers of 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022. Data were collected through researcher-made questionnaires consisting of structured and unstructured interview guides, providing a brief description of the study's objectives. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) was employed for data analysis, utilizing thematic coding to identify patterns in responses. Findings reveal significant roles played by self-determination, self-discipline, and self-efficacy in retention. Moreover, school, personal, environmental, and financial factors significantly affect students' educational experiences. Recommendations include aligning professors with the field, providing personalized support, and enforcing policies to enhance retention rates and examination results. This comprehensive approach aims to create a supportive learning environment conducive to student success in social work education and practice.

The application of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the field of college moral and ethical education has brought both opportunities and challenges in China. On one hand, GenAI fully empowers the innovative development of the course in terms of object recognition, content production, and teaching scenario. On the other hand, it also weakens the status of educational subjects, builds the worship of technology dependence. We need to carefully examine the risks of the integration of AI technology and education, and find a right pathway of deeply integrating GenAI and education logic.

The transformation of university libraries through digitalisation has significantly reshaped the academic information landscape. This study investigates the extent, effectiveness, and challenges of digital library services in university libraries across Telangana State, India. Drawing from a survey of 268 library users, the research evaluates the perceived quality of digital services, infrastructure availability, role of library professionals, and implementation of digital rights and security policies. The analysis reveals that while digital adoption has improved access, efficiency, and user satisfaction in several institutions, disparities in infrastructure and policy enforcement persist. The study also finds a positive correlation between the quality of digital services and overall user satisfaction. The findings suggest that continuous investments in staff training, digital resource development, and unified digital policy frameworks are essential to maximize the potential of digital libraries. This empirical assessment contributes valuable insights for academic administrators and policymakers aiming to enhance the digital infrastructure of university libraries in emerging academic ecosystems.

The likelihood of an auditor or examiner discovering irregularities in audit reports is influenced by the fact that all auditors possess technical competence and independence, which are key components of audit quality. High-quality customs audits ensure that the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) has made efforts to detect any misuse of customs facilities granted to companies, thereby achieving the objectives of such facilities. This also provides assurance that the state's rights in terms of revenue collection have been fulfilled. This study employs a quantitative method. The results indicate that Audit Tenure (X1) has a significant positive effect on Audit Quality (Y). The findings also show that Auditor Competence (X2) has a significant positive effect on Audit Quality (Y). Furthermore, Work Ethics (Z) strengthens the effect of Audit Tenure (X1) on Audit Quality (Y), while Auditor Ethics (Z) weakens the effect of Auditor Competence (X2) on Audit Quality (Y) within the audit elements of the Regional Offices of DJBC in DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java I.

This study conducted in Kawangware ward of Dagoretti North Constituency, Nairobi set out to establish communication obstacles to participation in Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAS) or Chama’s as they are commonly known in Kenya. The study was carried out using primary data obtained from a sample survey of 256 residents. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with both closed and open ended questions. The sampling method applied to select respondents from Kawangware ward was multistage sampling where respondents are first sampled from Dagoretti North constituency, then Kawangware ward and the villages within the ward. The questionnaire collected information on socioeconomic statuses of respondents, communication obstacles experienced by the respondents and finally ways of mitigating these communication obstacles. Amongst the socioeconomic variables only respondent’s highest education level attained was established to be significantly associated with communication obstacles and Chama membership in Kawangware. Amongst communication variables differences in viewpoint and lack of clarity was negatively associated with Communication obstacles with an odds of (-0.4) **. Attitudinal barriers were also negatively associated with communication obstacles with an odds of (-0.6) ** Asset finance and education finance are significantly positively associated with communication obstacles with an odd of (0.7) ** and (1.2) **respectively. The most preferred frequency of Chama savings is Monthly with an odd of (1.9) *. Daily and weekly Chama savings are not significantly associated with communication obstacles or chama membership. Only Memo was found to be significantly associated with communication obstacles with an odd of (1.2) **. Instant messaging and physical meetings were also found to be significantly associated with communication obstacles but with a lower odd of (0.3) * and (0.2) *. Where awareness of Chama’s is high communication obstacles increase slightly with an odd of (1.1) *** while Chama membership also increases slightly with an odd of (0.046) *** To mitigate communication obstacles, the study established that ensuring residents of Kawangware are knowledgeable of the advantages of Chama’s through exposure to business plans is negatively associated with the number of communication obstacles (β=-0.29*). Also significantly negatively associated with number of communication obstacles is ensuring membership is open to anyone who wishes to apply, (β=-0.35*). Active listening is also cited as one of the significant ways of mitigating communication obstacles (β=-0.195***) amongst respondents of Kawangware ward.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, yet vaccination coverage among young adults is suboptimal. This study investigated knowledge, vaccine uptake, and the influence of social stigma and cultural beliefs on HBV vaccination among 175 students at St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Malimbe Campus. A structured, pretested questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of Hepatitis B, vaccination status, and perceptions of stigma and cultural beliefs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results indicated that overall knowledge was low, with 54.9% of students demonstrating poor knowledge, and only 26.9% had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Multivariable analysis identified three significant predictors of vaccination: perceiving vaccination as necessary (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=1.84, 95% CI: 1.04–3.24), awareness of where to access the vaccine (AOR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.17–0.52), and peer influence (AOR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.04–2.57). Stigma, family, and religious beliefs did not independently influence uptake. These findings highlight that structural barriers and social cues, rather than cultural or religious factors, primarily determine vaccination behavior. To improve coverage, interventions should combine targeted health education emphasizing the necessity of vaccination, enhanced accessibility of vaccination services on campus, and peer-led strategies to leverage social influence. Such approaches are essential to reduce HBV transmission and promote preventive health behaviors among university students in Tanzania.

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev developed 2008 "Theory of generating of crises", 2010 "Theory and practice of the Mafiotismus" and 2001 "Theory of the mafia". Based on these two theories this paper explains the establishment of the mafiotismus all over the world – principles, theory and praxis in the European Union, the European Commission and in the Republic of Bulgaria

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-DObreva developed 2006 “Theory of degree of democracy” and “Theory of degree of justice/injustice/” based on their practice in court, prosecutor's office, state. Prof. Momchil Dobrev created since 2003 Theory of corruption, “Theory of mafia, “Theory of mafia”, “financial banking resource technological mafia-based materialism” and based on their practice they prove that in Bulgaria there is a rule of law and that the mafia rules both the court, the prosecutor's office, and the state in Bulgaria. Prince Lord prof; Momchil Dobrev in connection with his fight with this mafia even after 9 attempts to kill him and his family since 2011, will continue to fight this mafia

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev developed 2008 “Theory of generating of crises “, 2010 “Theory and praxice of the Mafiotismus” and 2001 “ Theory of the mafia”. Based on these two theories this paper explane the establishment of the mafiotismus all over the world – principles, theory and praxis in European Union , European Commission and in the Republic Bulgaria

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-DObreva developed 2006 "Theory of degree of democracy" and "Theory of degree of justice/injustice/ " based on their practice in court, prosecutor's office, state. Prof. Momchil Dobrev created since 2003 Theory of Corruption, " Theory of Mafia, " Theory of Mafiaism", " Financial Banking Resource Technological Mafiaized Materialism" and based on their practice they prove that in Bulgaria there is a rule of law and that the mafia rules both the court, the prosecutor's office, and the state in Bulgaria. Prince Lord prof; Momchil Dobrev in connection with his fight with this mafia even after 9 attempts to kill him and his family since 2011, will continue to fight this mafia

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-DObreva developed 2006 “Theory of degree of democracy” and “Theory of degree of justice/injustice/” based on their practice in court, prosecutor's office, state. Prof. Momchil Dobrev created since 2003 Theory of corruption, “Theory of mafia, “Theory of mafia”, “financial banking resource technological mafia-based Materialism” and based on their practice they prove that in Bulgaria there is a rule of law and that the mafia rules both the court, the prosecutor's office, and the state in Bulgaria. Prince Lord Prof. Momchil Dobrev in connection with his fight with this mafia even after 9 attempts to kill him and his family since 2011, will continue to fight this mafia

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the leading causes of occupational health problems, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. Prolonged poor posture and repetitive movements contribute to decreased worker productivity and economic losses. Existing ergonomic analysis tools such as Kinovea and ErgoFellow remain inefficient due to their high costs, complex interfaces, and lack of real-time integration. To address these challenges, this project develops PosturGo, a web-based ergonomic monitoring system designed to analyze work posture in real time using the MediaPipe framework. The system automatically calculates ergonomic risk levels based on RULA, REBA, and OWAS methods within a unified platform. The system offers an affordable, user-friendly, and locally developed alternative that supports Indonesia’s technological independence and sustainability goals. PosturGo is expected to enhance worker health, increase productivity, and contribute to the realization of Indonesia Emas 2045 through innovation in occupational ergonomics.

Humanitarian operations in high risk environments, often characterized by armed conflict, post conflict political, economic and security instability and natural disasters, pose significant risks to the safety and security of humanitarian field staff. The imperative for humanitarian organizations to adopt robust security risk management strategies that prioritize staff safety and ensure operations continuity is central to humanitarian security risk management in high risk operations. A cornerstone of this process is the development of robust and effective field level Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that are adapted to the complexities of specific insecure operational environments where volatile conditions demand rapid, coordinated, and context-specific responses. This research aims to develop a contextual and operational framework for creating effective field level standard operating procedures that enhance staff safety in high risk humanitarian operations. Drawing on existing literature, organizational reports, case studies, and perspectives from humanitarian field staff, this research addresses the pivotal challenge in humanitarian security management, the formulation of robust, context specific SOPs designed for deployment in high risk operational environments. The research underscores the importance of context specific, adaptable, and regularly updated SOPs, that integrate local risk analysis and staff training. The outcome will be a set of adaptable SOP guidelines tailored to high risk humanitarian contexts, aiming to strengthen staff safety, organizational resilience, improve staff preparedness, and reduce operational vulnerabilities.

The Work-related muscoloskeletal disorders remain a major challange in industrial environtments due to repetitive movements, unsafe posture, and limited real-time monitoring solutions. Traditional ergonomic assesment methods are often subjective and conducted intermittently, reducing their effectiveness in preventing injuries. This study presents ERGOFIT, an IoT-based ergonomic monitoring system designed to provide continuous and objective posture evaluation using wearable IMU sensors and an Edge Computing architecture. Ten sensor modules were developed and integrated into a wireless network that captures body-segment motion data and processes it locally to minimize latency. A biomechanical model and RULA scoring algorithm were implemented to generate real-time risk assessments, supported by a multimodal feedback interface consisting of visual alerts, audio cues, and a web-based dashboard. System testing demonstrated that the architecture enables fast and reliable data transmission, while the motion visualization interface improves user understanding of posture quality. The findings highlight the potential of ERGOFIT to enhance workplace safety, support operator training, and reduce ergonomic risks through proactive monitoring and immediate feedback.

Driver fatigue and reduced cognitive alertness are major contributors to road accidents, while existing monitoring systems remain costly and inaccessible for training or ergonomic studies. This research introduces ERGODRIVE, a low-cost IMU-based driving simulator developed using ESP32 and a cockpit built from locally sourced materials. Sensor data including acceleration, angular velocity, and orientation are processed through filtering and sensor-fusion algorithms to provide stable real-time motion tracking. These movement patterns are visualized in two modes, Driving Simulation and Free Drive, and used to derive preliminary cognitive-fatigue indicators such as steering deviation, micro-corrections, and body sway. ERGODRIVE provides an accessible platform for studying cognitive ergonomics and observing driver behavioral patterns, offering a low-cost alternative for research, training, and early fatigue monitoring. Future work includes expanding analytical capabilities and integrating machine-learning-based fatigue detection.

This research developed an Internet of Things-based Micro-Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) system to address the need for electricity access in 3T areas that still face energy infrastructure limitations. This system utilizes irrigation water flow to drive a turbine connected to a dynamo, thereby generating electricity at a low operational cost. In addition to designing the generator, this research also developed a web-based monitoring system and application that displays real-time data on water discharge, head, and power output. Trials were conducted on irrigation flows in Surakarta to assess turbine performance, sensor reading stability, and data transmission capabilities. The test results showed that the system was able to work stably and the monitoring process could still be carried out even though the device was placed at a location far from the observation point. This approach shows that the integration of micro-hydro power plants with IoT technology can be a practical and sustainable solution in supporting community energy independence, especially in areas that are not yet reached by conventional electricity networks. The designed system is also modular so that it has the potential to be replicated in other areas with similar conditions.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze non-cash transactions in relation to fraud and the performance of treasurers in the Government of Lumajang Regency. The population in this study consisted of 92 Regional Work Units (SKPD), with a research sample of 85 respondents who were expenditure treasurers in these SKPD. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Hypothesis testing employed multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The distributed questionnaires used an Ordinal Scale measured through a 1–5 Likert scale. Based on the results of the F-test in this study, it can be concluded that the significance levels of Y1 and Y2 are 0.000 < 0.05. This means that the implementation of non-cash transactions simultaneously constitutes a feasible (fit) model. The t-value for the non-cash transaction variable (X) against fraud (Y1) was -0.284 < 0.05 with a significance level of 0.777 > 0.05, indicating that non-cash transactions have an insignificant negative effect on fraud; hence, hypothesis H1 is rejected. The t-value for non-cash transactions (X) against treasurer performance (Y2) was 0.837 > 0.05 with a significance level of 0.405 > 0.05, indicating that non-cash transactions have an insignificant positive effect on treasurer performance; thus, hypothesis H2 is rejected. The results suggest that while the implementation of non-cash transactions has been carried out properly by expenditure treasurers in SKPD Lumajang, it does not significantly reduce fraud nor significantly improve performance. This is due to factors such as technological security loopholes, insufficient supervision and control, and a lack of knowledge or skills among treasurers. Enhancing supervision and control, strengthening technological security, encouraging whistleblowing, capacity-building training, monitoring, and continuous evaluation can minimize fraud risks and improve treasurer performance in the era of non-cash transactions.

Against the backdrop of coexisting globalization and anti-globalization ideologies, intertwined transnational mobility and local conflicts, one of the core challenges facing international social work lies in transcending cultural differences to implement effective, equitable, and culturally inclusive interventions. This paper innovatively proposes the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind (emphasizing symbiosis, co-construction, and shared benefits) as a guiding meta-theory, providing a value foundation and macro framework for cultural integration in international social work. Building upon core concepts and theories of the community with a shared future for mankind, international social work, cultural integration, cultural competence, two-way construction, local knowledge, practical wisdom, and global localization, as well as practical experiences in international social work, this study constructs a four-dimensional cultural integration mechanism model: "value-ethical integration and sharing--theoretical-technical dialogue generation--innovative action strategy implementation--Synergy Mechanism of Relationship Networks." This model offers new theoretical frameworks and practical pathways for international social work. In the current context where most cultural hybridity research focuses on cultural exclusionary responses while rarely examining cultural integration preferences, this study holds significant theoretical and practical value.