This paper surveys the defects of qualitative observational research methods, with special reference to participant observation. It aims at showing that participant observation is inherently limited in some regards and that the advantages of this methodology though numerous; which beholds on the researchers that it should not be discountenanced as a defect form of scientific inquiry. Observational research methodology is best described as a research method by which the researcher encounters his or her sample population through a passive position, precisely through observing the interactions of the sample while remaining apart from the behavioural decisions made by the individual or the group. Nevertheless, the observer is purposefully monitoring the sample population and is seeking to identify the frequency of specific behaviours or outcomes. It is hereby established that a researcher who is engaged in observational methodologies cannot simultaneously realize an unbiased observational outcome while also using his or her own subjective powers of observation to watch the desired behaviours and interactions to take. This thus resolved the long time ‘’unresolved identity crisis’’ within the literature in qualitative analysis.

The relationship between trade balance and exchange rate has been thoroughly studied over time, and the discussion has remained popular among academics and decision-makers. This discourse, however, is far from settled, particularly in light of the newly proposed nonlinear theory of how exchange rates affect trade balance. This study thus broadens this dialogue on the relationship between the trade balance and exchange rate by taking into account the unique features of the economy under investigation, using the nonlinear ARDL model. Using secondary data, this method was used to demonstrate that currency depreciation's potential for boosting trade performance can be enhanced further by changes in oil prices.

Maintenance is a key to corporate success. This study studied three machines at Tita B's Water Refilling Station in P.J. Almendras St., Danao City's failure mode and manufacturing system effects. It also lists the business's equipment, useful life and age, each machine's FMEA, preventative maintenance procedures, run-to-failure, and which units can be configured for rule-based maintenance. FMEA qualitative research collected these variables: Tita B's Water Refilling Station Failure Mode and Effect, the machines it uses, their age, useable life, preventive maintenance plan, run-to-failure, and rule-based predictive maintenance machine. Tita B's Water Refilling Station, a family business that offers pure water, is managed by Mr. Lucio Bentecil. The investigation found age three machines at Tita B's Water Refilling Station to be good. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of these three machines gave Reverse Osmosis Membrane the highest Risk Priority Number. Tita B's Water Refilling Station had quarterly preventive maintenance. Every three months, backwash filters are cleaned, repaired, or replaced. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis data shows that RO membranes and storage tanks can be designed with rule-based (corrective) maintenance. The reverse osmosis membrane is the most prone to fail, resulting in higher maintenance expenses and reduced productivity.

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-DObreva developed 2006 "Theory of degree of democracy" and "Theory of degree of justice/injustice/" based on their practice in court, prosecutor's office, state. Since 2003, Prof. Momchil Dobrev has been creating the Theory of Corruption, "Theory of the Mafia, "Theory of Mafiaism", "Financial Banking Resource Technological Mafiosoted Materialism" and based on their practice they prove that in Bulgaria there is rule of law and that the Mafia rules as the court , the prosecutor's office, the state in Bulgaria. Prince Lord Prof. Momchil Dobrev in relation to his fight with this mafia even after 9 attempts to kill him and his family since 2011, he will continue to fight this mafia

It is time for the urgency of mangrove vegetation for coastal water resources in Indonesia to become a serious concern in rehabilitating mangrove ecosystems which have been increasingly degraded due to heavy exploitation over the past three decades. In several densely populated coastal areas of Indonesia, mangrove vegetation and estuary areas have turned into residential and industrial locations, agricultural areas, recreational centers and harbor wharves. As a result of all this, it creates a negative impact that is no longer able to be offset by the natural growth of the mangrove itself. Based on these environmental problems, it is necessary to study the sediment substrate, the duration of inundation and shade, and their effects on budding and tiller height, as well as the survival of Rhizophora mucronata. From this study, using factorial group design analysis, the results showed that R. mucronata seedlings showed better germination, growth and survival rates on clay-clay substrate conditions with shading and flooding 7 hours/day, whereas on loamy sand substrates without shade with 3 hours/day of inundation showed a low rate of germination and growth and survival. The results of this study provide important information in the management of mangrove ecosystems, especially in the selection of mangrove seedlings in silvofishery ponds in the east coast of Sinjai Regency.

This study determined the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed Worksheets in Studies (Araling Panlipunan) 10-Contemporary Issues in public secondary schools of Zone 2, DepEd Schools Division Zambales, Philippines school year 2021-2022. The study used descriptive research design and utilized a survey questionnaire as the main instrument for data collection. Results revealed that the academic performance of the students in Studies 10-Contemporary issues during the 3rd Quarter was Approaching Proficiency and improved to Proficient during the 4th Quarter after the utilization of the developed worksheets. Based on the review and appraisal of the Social Studies teacher-evaluators, the developed Worksheets are useful in terms of Practicality. The ANOVA computation results revealed that there is a significant difference in the appraised level of usefulness of Worksheets. The Pearson r Correlation computation established a significant difference between the students’ academic performances during the 3rd and 4th Quarters. The t-Test of relationship computation showed no significant relationship between the students’ 4th quarter academic performance and the usefulness of the Worksheets. An enhanced Worksheet for AP10-Contemporary Issues was developed based on the result of review and appraisal of the material.

Effective leadership involves not only having the right answers but also asking the right questions of the right people. Rather than relying solely on monologues, the best leaders stimulate conversations and prioritize key narratives by tracking societal sentiment. In the wake of the pandemic, leaders must ask themselves authentic questions to demonstrate leadership during a time of unprecedented change and transformation. This update from our Virtual Living Lab explores how we can track what people feel is important and engage with existing narratives that are helping to shape our world and lives amidst this maelstrom of change. This paper investigates how individuals are asking existential questions of themselves to regenerate their lives after the pandemic, with a focus on comparing the situations in the UK and Japan to explicitly consider culture. For leaders to be authentic, they must also engage in this self-reflection, or risk coming across as shallow and inauthentic.

This study investigates the impact of oil price and exchange rate on economic growth in Nigeria over the period from 1980 - 2020. Crude oil price (COP), Exchange rate (EXR), and inflation rate (INFL) were used as independent variables while real gross domestic product (RGDP) was used as the dependent variable. Annual time series data on our targeted variables were obtained from secondary sources including the Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin, and World Bank development indicators. The Eview9 Statistical Software was employed to analyze the data empirically. The Unit root test shows that oil price, exchange rate and real gross domestic product are all stationary after first difference I(1) while inflation rate was stationary at level I(0). The data were analyzed using the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The results of the ARDL estimates indicate that crude oil price and exchange rate have significant positive impact on economic growth in both the long-run and the short-run periods. The findings suggest that crude oil price and exchange rate which are the focal points of the study, could affect economic growth in both the long-run and the short-run. Hence, whenever oil price falls below the threshold, there is a negative effect on the country’s economic growth. The study recommends amongst others that the federal government of Nigeria should come up with stringent measures that will guard against oil bunkering and other thefts in order to boost oil production which would in turn increase real gross domestic product (economic growth) in Nigeria.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create a meaningful definition of a social mission of an organization. The complexity of the environment in which a social enterprise operates takes effect on understanding the social mission. The social missions, value proposition and organizational motivations cause effect on the definition of the social mission. Design / Methodology: Semi -Structured interviews were used to develop a descriptive phenomenological interpretation of the data. Case study of Women Impact Trust in Marondera was purposefully selected due to its works. These were supported by document research of the organization, in which all organization documents were collected and analyzed. Findings: Through the lenses of investigations, observations and analysis, the case study research showed that the social mission was vaguely reflected. It was discovered that it wasn’t specific and lack of specifications means lack of sustainability. The document research of the organization lacked clarity between social mission and purpose. Acknowledgement: Special thank you to Ms Sakina for her actively participation during the research. Acknowledgement goes to Woman Impact as an organization for giving the researcher an opportunity to study their organization. Mr Stanford Chabayanzara, the facilitator at Gideon Robert University for his unwavering support. The Depart of Business Studies Staff at Gideon Robert University for all the support and guidance they gave the researcher.

Against the backdrop of differing contestations on the nature of Islam due to the actions of some extremist sects, what can be said of prophets and prophesy today? This is an important aspect of religion especially of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Religion has certain positions and roles considered to be exclusively from God. One of such is the office and position of a prophet. Many persons claim to be prophets in today’s contemporary world. This articles is set to examine Muhammad as a Prophet of Islamic religion. Many persons especially non-Muslims know Muhammad to be the founder of Islamic religion but fall short of examining his prophetic role. Is he really a prophet and if he is, did he work like other prophets? The two major contentions in this work therefore are: (1) to discover how he is a prophet like those of revealed religions before him and (2) if he worked like them. Prophets as seen in Judaism and Christianity which has same roots with Islamic religion are people chosen by God to convey messages to the people, rebuke evil activities, and direct the people towards authentic moral and spiritual life. Indeed, they are God’s mouth piece. In this article, the concept “prophet” will be examined as well as the qualities of a prophet. The life and teachings of Muhammad as an historical figure will be presented and how he is a true prophet of God like prophets before him shall be analysed. The article will end with an evaluation and conclusion.

This study empirically investigated the relationship between energy poverty and economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2021. Quantitative methodology was employed and secondary data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria, the National Bureau of Statistics, and other pertinent governmental entities were used. The annual time series data covered the period from 1990 to 2021. The study used descriptive statistics, such as percentage, mean, and chart, and ordinary least squares (OLS) were used. ADF Test was used to test for the presence of unit roots in the time series data. The Johansen cointegration test was used to examine the longrun relationship between energy poverty and economic growth in Nigeria. The results showed an upward trend in the GDP between 1990-2014 but from 2014 there was a clear downward trend while an upward trend was observed for access to electricity. ADF test found that the energy poverty and economic growth variables were stationary and non-stationary at the 5% p value, respectively. The OLS regression results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between access to electricity and economic growth, with a coefficient estimate of 0.83 and a p-value of 0.000. The Johansen cointegration test indicated that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between access to electricity and economic growth. There is a negative relationship between energy poverty and economic growth in Nigeria. The findings suggest that policies aimed at increasing access to affordable and reliable energy services could be beneficial for promoting economic growth in the country.

This study investigated the impact of governance indicators on economic performance in Nigeria. The study used time series data spanning the period from 1996 to 2021. The governance indicators were operationalised by using the World bank database on governance indicators. In order to address endogeneity problem, the study employed generalised method of moments (GMM) technique to analyse the data. The results indicate that overall average governance, government effectiveness and control of corruption exert positive impact on economic performance, but not significant. While voice and accountability, and political stability have positive and significant impact at 5% and 10% level, respectively. In contrast rule of law negatively impacted on economic performance at 5% level of significant, while regulatory quality is negative, but not significant.

This study entitled Dance Pattudu Tommuane as one of the teaching materials at SMP Negeri 2 Majene Regency, West Sulawesi . Aims as an effort to find a form of learning in schools, especially in junior high schools. The Pattudu Tommuane dance is a traditional dance in the Mandar area of Majene Regency , which is performed at welcoming ceremonies and other traditional ceremonies. The Pattudu Tommuane dance grows and develops into a spectacle dance that is shown to the public at every event, both welcoming and other events. From the existence of the Pattudu Tommuane dance in Mandar Majene Regency, the research problem is formulated: What is the form of the Pattudu Tommuane dance as teaching material in junior high schools in Mandar Majene, West Sulawesi. The research approach is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques, library research, observation, interviews and documentation. Sources of data on teachers, junior high school students, and dance studios. The results of the study can be concluded that the form of the Pattudu Tommuane dance in Mandar Majene which is applied to junior high schools is the Pattudu Tommuane dance which has experienced development, the dance has four forms of motion, which are carried out repeatedly with parallel, circular, and paired formations. , Accompanied by several types of musical instruments, namely drums and gongs, the clothing used is three-quarter pants, wearing a vest, wearing a head cover and some necklace jewelry, in the 1980s by the late Mr. Muh Asin had developed this dance, both in terms of movement, floor patterns, costumes, number of dancers and music. This dance in learning at school is very suitable and suitable to be given to male students because the characters possessed in the dance describe the movements of courage such as fighting, attacking and clashing with one another.

Entrepreneurship progress improves in relieving hardship when employment prospects are established through new entrepreneurial centres or the growing of active ones. Nigerian tourism centres have not been able to show value creation for growth to make profits. The study examined Entrepreneurial Practices on Performance of Tourism Centres in South-Western Nigeria. This study will adopt the quantitative method to analyze the critical appraisal of effectiveness of tourism in South-western Nigeria. The quantitative approach was adopted to analyze the data; Standard Multiple Regression (SMR) was used to test the hypotheses using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the result, hypothesis one probability value (0.006), which is less than the chosen 5% significance level (0.05). This indicates that the null hypothesis was rejected (i.e., funding has an impact on sustainability of tourism centre). Hypothesis two probability value (0.000), based on the result, the null hypothesis is rejected, thus, there is positive significant effect of value creation on profitability of tourism business. The study conclude value creation improves service of tourism profitability, it results in more market share and ends up with future business expansion. tourism financing will have adverse effect on economic growth which will improve the visitation of foreigners to Nigeria. Tourism centres owners in Nigeria should maintain its strategy and improve on it practice of value creation in helping the tourism centres attain it productivity. Tourism owners in Nigeria should ensure that they have enough access to funding to sustain their business.

Purpose: This papers aim is to identify personal and behavioural traits which drives the entrepreneurs intension. The family influence, work experience desire to create something new and the community environment influence and shape the entrepreneurs. Design / Methodology- The research methodology used was a Systematic renew which involved analysis and identification of relevant literature on the entrepreneurs trait and analysed their relevance in shaping the entrepreneurs shape. The summarized findings were summarized to help other scholars researchers and poly makers on promoting entrepreneurship. Findings: The literature analysis reealed global traits of entrepreneurs. The locally scholarly research was vague about the traits characterizing entrepreneurs in the local environments. This necessitates the need for further research on the traits, apart from a survivalist character. These survivalist approach were consistent with creativity innovative and Risk taking, that are widely associated with entrepreneurs. Recommendations: The continued economic challenges in Zimbabwe will spar entrepreneurship due to retrenchments and increasing unemployment. The study of the personal and behavioral traits of the entrepreneur must be evolving as researchers attempts to understand the entrepreneur. Acknowledgments: Special acknowledgements go to The Department of Business Management at Robert Gideon University Staff. Mr Stanford Chabayanzara - the PhD Coordinator in the Department of Business Management at Gideon Robert University

This study aims to examine the effect of budgetary participation, individual capacity, organizational culture, managerial trust on budgetary slack. The sample in this study were managers in manufacturing companies registered with the Banten Province Industry and Trade Service with managers per section, including production managers, purchasing managers, HR managers and finance managers. Withdrawal of samples using purposive sampling technique. The sample of this research is 56 respondents. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the variables Budgetary Participation and Managerial Trust have a positive and significant effect on Budgetary slack while Individual Capacity and Organizational Culture have no effect on Budgetary slack

In the era of digitalization, the development of information and communication technology can no longer be separated from community service activities in all important aspects of a village being transformed into a smart village because it encourages increased community economic activity and productivity, so it is appropriate if all village activities are digitally integrated. Based on the mapping of the problems obtained based on interviews and observations made, it was found that there are problems that must be solved immediately.

Different studies by governmental and non-governmental bodies have reported that there was prevalence of corruption in Nigeria. Anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria formulate strategies to guide the performance of their statutory purposes which is to combat corruption in the country. The Strategic Plan 2013- 2017 of the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) was examined. The specific objectives of the paper were to determine the factors influencing the performance of the strategy of ICPC, and to determine the effectiveness of the strategy. The paper revealed some factors which hindered or could enhance the strategy of ICPC. It also revealed that the 2013-2017 strategic plan of ICPC was not effective. The paper concluded that as at 2022, corruption was still prevalent in Nigeria. The paper recommended that every sector of the Nigerian society should perform certain functions to ensure the effective performance of strategies of anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria. Also, in-depth studies on functions of each sector of the society which would make the performance of anti-corruption agencies to become effective in Nigeria, should be done.

In the past few years, the hospitality industry has undergone a substantial transformation, primarily attributable to the rapid proliferation and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This study aims to investigate the use of AI in the hospitality industry, delineating the various opportunities and challenges these cutting-edge technologies present for hoteliers, restaurateurs, and other industry professionals. The research delves into the various AI applications, such as chatbots, virtual assistants, revenue management, facial recognition, and personalized marketing, meticulously examining their potential impacts on guest experiences, operational efficiency, and cost reduction. Furthermore, the paper critically discusses the ethical considerations and potential drawbacks associated with the widespread integration and adoption of AI in the industry, offering insightful and practical recommendations for successful integration and sustainable growth.

The research focuses on analyzing the current status of green transportation of goods by road in Hanoi city. The authors conducted primary data collection from two groups of respondents: transportation managers and road freight transport companies. The study surveyed 150 samples, and after data cleaning, 145 samples were used for analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were employed using SPSS software and Smart PLS SEM to examine the impact of measurement scales on the degree of green transportation of goods by road. The measurement scales included green transportation development policies, road infrastructure, green transport vehicles, green transportation information systems, and human resources. The analysis results indicated that all measurement scales had a positive impact on the green transportation of goods by road. Based on the research findings, the authors proposed several solutions to enhance green transportation of goods in Hanoi.

This study investigates the moderating role of perceived corporate green image in the relationship between green promotional practices and customer green purchase intention. The study attends to the specific green promotional practices in the service stores including green advertising, green service scape, green loyalty programs, green human, green instructional materials, and green labels. The data were collected from 154 dyads of customers and employees of service stores in Vietnam through surveys. The results show that perceived corporate green image is a significant moderator in the effect of green publicity on customer green purchase intention. Corporate green image does not significantly moderate the effects of green packaging, green human, green loyalty programs on customer purchase intention. The study is pioneering research in examining corporate green image as the moderating factor for customer green purchase intention while focusing on the service contexts or the customer interactions in the moments of truth. With the empirical findings of Vietnamese context, an emerging economy with a dramatic increase in the number of enterprises in the service sectors, the study suggests useful managerial implications for enterprises in Vietnam in particular and to the service companies in general.